The Halifax Gazette, published in 1752, was Canada’s first newspaper. Britain’s first daily newspaper was The Daily Courant, published in 1702. However, the Gazette was not printed and sold to the general public, rather it was sent to subscribers by mail. The Gazette was printed on both sides of a single sheet of paper. It was moved to London in 1666 and renamed the London Gazette. The Oxford Gazette was founded in Oxford, England in 1665 as a government newsbook and is recognized as the first English newspaper. Evolution of Mass Media The Adoption of Newspapers This led to an increase in public literacy. However, since mass-producing books made them less expensive, the middle classes were also able to access and enjoy them. And by the 1930s, many printing presses could produce 3,000 pages every 60 minutes.īefore the printing press, only the upper classes were really able to access books. The printing press increased the speed of communication and, consequently, the spread of knowledge as it took significantly less time to produce 50 printed books than it took to produce 50 handwritten books. Gutenberg’s printing press, however, enabled print media to be mass-produced. Until Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in the 15 th century, individuals wrote every book by hand, and, as such, each copy was unique. The next breakthrough in the history of communication is mass printing, a process that made it easier for people to get their news and other information and also increased literacy. While the transition from oral to written communication likely overlapped, historians have suggested that the oldest surviving written work in the Greek language that stemmed from oral tradition is “The Iliad” by Homer. Eventually, these stories and songs were written down and published. This made it possible for different cultures to transmit history, literature, law, and other knowledge orally across generations. This could happen through speech, including folktales, poetry, or prose, or through song, including chants or ballads. Storytelling then shifted to oral tradition, a form of communication where knowledge, art, ideas, and cultural information were transmitted from one generation to another by word of mouth. Experts believe that the ancient Egyptians created hieroglyphs as a way to accurately and reliably document and communicate information connected with religion and government. These people used Egyptian hieroglyphic script as a writing system to represent their language. Although the purpose of these cave paintings is unclear, one theory is that humans used these depictions to send messages to others as to what animals were safe to eat without using words.Īnd ancient Egyptians used hieroglyphs, a mix of picture and sound symbols, to communicate stories. The paintings typically depicted animals. Humans first created cave paintings around 62,000 B.C.E. In fact, cave paintings are the most well-known primitive forms of media. Media has existed in various forms for thousands of years. The Evolution of Media Through History Early Forms of Media In other words, McLuhan’s premise is that the form of the message, i.e., visual, print, musical, etc., influences how society perceives that message. In his book, “Understanding Media: Extensions of Man” published in 1964, Marshall McLuhan, who was a media theorist at the University of Toronto, coined the phrase “the medium is the message.” The concept behind the phrase is that the way society sends and receives information is more important than the actual information. The media also acts as a watchdog, investigating and reporting on government misconduct. The media is also extremely important in terms of education, as it helps children and teenagers develop critical thinking by teaching them to consider more than one point of view. Media is the best platform for people to get information about what’s happening worldwide and down the street.īy analyzing the information they receive, people can develop their own opinions about various concepts and topics, while (in the best of all worlds) respecting the opinions of people who don’t agree with them. Media plays a key role in people’s everyday lives as it helps educate them and enables them to keep track of the day-to-day news, both local and global. The Importance of Understanding Media in Today’s World Mass media refers to the news and information that reaches a large number of people, while local media, e.g., newspapers, and regional television/radio stations, serves the needs of the communities or urban areas in which they are located.
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